An entertaining history of modernist architecture and reinforced concrete as a defining building material in early twentieth-century Brazil.

Fearless Forms, Fearful Concrete reads like an architectural soap opera set in early twentieth-century Brazil. The book is about new technologies, cultural debates, and the dawn of modernism in architecture, with novel reinforced concrete as a reference point. The design for Brasília, the country’s new capital, marks a culmination of Brazilian anxieties around national identity: camouflaged under whitewashed surfaces of iconic buildings, engineers and architects created the narratives to support their projects.

The protagonists are leading figures of Brazil’s architectural modernism, such as Lucio Costa, Joaquim Cardozo, and Oscar Niemeyer, and international artists and intellectuals including Tarsila do Amaral, Monteiro Lobato, Le Corbusier, and Blaise Cendrars. Their complex web of relationships illustrates boundaries of public discourse and the subtle connections between a wide range of topics, from technology to eugenics, medicine to construction techniques, and prostitution to urban renewal.

For decades, twentieth-century architecture was uncritically presented and praised as an organized, well-intended contribution to order and progress in society. Today, the negative impacts of construction and tensions concealed by public discourse are finally receiving their due. Tavares’s work contributes to a critical examination of celebrated modernist architects’ means and methods without ignoring their achievements and limitations.